Warning Signs and Symptoms of Concussion in Student Athletes

Sports and games are important activities for students and youths. Unfortunately, many student-athletes sustain concussions as a result of falls, collisions or physical contact during sports such as football, basketball, hockey, gymnastics, field hockey and even cheerleading. A concussion is not just a bump on the head. It is a mild traumatic brain injury that immediately and temporarily disrupts the normal functioning of the brain.

During practice or a game, the coach or athletic trainer may notice that the player is not acting "quite right" - the student athlete may:
* be dazed
* forget plays
* lose balance
* appear awkward
* become confused

The student athlete may even have a brief loss of consciousness or be unable to remember what happened just before the fall or collision.

These are all warning signs that the player may have a concussion so it is important for the athlete to be examined by a physician. Athletic and recreational staff, as well as parents, school nurses, and educators need to watch the student over time for further symptoms of concussion including:

* dizziness
* grogginess
* headaches
* nausea
* difficulty with memory
* problems with concentration
* confusion

Any student-athlete who is being examined for a possible concussion should be immediately taken out of practice of the game and closely monitored. While most symptoms of concussion resolve quickly, late signs of concussion may emerge over time and include:

* persistent headache
* irritability
* ringing in the ears
* lightheadedness
* blurry vision
* anxiety
* poor attention
* restlessness
* depressed mood
* memory problems
* fatigue

Any of these changes can make it difficult for the student to function in school, complete homework, and keep up with peers. If any of these warning signs or symptoms continue after the student returns to class, it is important for school staff to develop a plan to reduce the student's workload. The brain needs time to rest and heal after a concussion.

Marilyn Lash is a founding partner of Lash and Associates a leading resource of information on mild brain injury and concussion in children and student athletes.